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Home » Crypto in 2022: A year in review

Crypto in 2022: A year in review

bySheila Warren
December 17, 2022
in News Analysis

Summary:

  • After a year of high highs and low lows, individuals and governments alike are taking note of the polylithic nature of crypto. 
  • Crypto provided millions in overnight financial support for Ukraine, made huge legislative gains in the EU and Asia, and saw lots of activity in the US. 
  • What’s next? Smart policy guardrails and proactive steps towards a shared digital future.
  • To help visualize the year that was 2022, CCI put together this interactive timeline layering key policy events, enforcement actions, and legislation on top of global news headlines.

What’s next for crypto in 2023?

After a year of high highs and low lows, it’s clear that crypto has entered the mainstream. Individuals and governments alike are paying close attention. CCI has compiled a timeline of some of the most significant policy events in crypto in 2022. And it’s indeed been quite a year.

This year’s headlines reflected the polylithic nature of the industry: Over $1 billion being raised rapidly and transparently for COVID Relief in India and $60 million donated in the crucial initial days of the Ukraine war. The crash of Terra – and the associated losses – affecting real people. The Merge, a multi-year decentralized technical project, taking place without incident and significantly diminishing crypto’s overall energy usage. The dramatic rise and fall of FTX and subsequent arrest of SBF.

The CCI 2022 timeline

I won’t mince words: it was a devastating year for many engaged in the industry. I am constantly aware of the people who are behind these numbers and how the greed and irresponsibility of a few leaders in the crypto space affected so many. But we should also be clear that this is what was at the core of the negative headlines: people. As I’ve said before, humans are going to human. The reasons to be horrified by the actions of these few individuals is well-covered territory.

I want to offer a slightly more hopeful take. To me, those headlines reflect – more than ever – the need for and potential of crypto and blockchain technology. And it showed what goes wrong if the correct guardrails are not put in place. It took time, but governments are finally waking up to the reality that crypto is here to stay. The increased activity in the policy and regulation space means that they are taking it seriously. And this is a good thing.

Regulation should disincentivize horrible behavior, make it hard to pull off, and create accountability when some do it anyway. Tech that helps with these goals should be lauded.

Overall trends

I spent my year meeting with policymakers, regulators, thought leaders, and their teams. Many across the political spectrum are working to get up to speed quickly. Those that understand what’s at stake have taken the time to invest in understanding how the space is operating, how it should be guided via policy frameworks, and what’s too new to assess.

Around the world, we see the emergence of digital asset champions, who are eager to attract crypto talent and innovation to their jurisdictions. For instance, the Crypto Council for Innovation recognized nearly 30 members of Congress with the Digital Future Award for their leadership in the United States – and all that were up for re-election in the midterms won their races. The new United Kingdom prime minister, Rishi Sunak and South Korea’s newly-elected president, Yoon Suk-yeol are seen as “crypto-friendly.” Japan’s Prime Minister announced additional investment in Web3 services and the government is experimenting with everything from a DAO to NFTs and the Metaverse. 

Crypto Council Recognizes Leadership in Congress With Digital Future Award

At the same time, we’re seeing the fruits of dedicated resourcing to crypto and blockchain technology. Those crafting policies and regulations have demonstrated a greater understanding of the diversity we see in crypto projects – especially around how differences in decisions around economic incentive design, governance, and even marketing can lead to vastly different structures and outcomes. We have also seen the entry of high-ranking government officials who are taking the lead in ensuring that crypto grows in the right way.

And the crypto curiosity is extending well beyond the confines of government actors. We have seen everyone from think tanks and academics to luxury brands to commercial banks taking proactive steps towards a Web3 strategy. In fact, significant announcements from well-known financial institutions – including big names like Goldman Sachs, Fidelity, and BNY Mellon – into services such as custody services, wealth management, trading, and research and development have caught the attention of policymakers and regulators alike.

State of Play

Here’s a roundup of some of the biggest developments in policy and regulation this year:

On the international front, standard-setting bodies (SSBs) and multilateral institutions around the world have recognized the importance of collaboration and alignment on this cross-jurisdictional technology. While many of these frameworks have been in development for some time, we saw some significant reports and guidance drop recently. For example, in the last few months, the Financial Stability Board (FSB) released its proposal for the regulation of crypto-assets and stablecoins, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) unveiled its crypto tax framework, and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) published its second consultation on the prudential treatment of cryptoasset exposure.

FSB’s Recommendations on Stablecoins and Cryptoassets
Crypto in 2022: CCI policy briefs break down key issues like the FSB’s proposed recommendations on stablecoins

Crypto in the US

In the United States, President Biden’s Executive Order on Digital Assets – issued in March – catalyzed a flurry of activity from the US regulators. This has included the release of several reports and an overarching framework that came out of report findings. On the legislative side, there has been a significant amount of activity, with over 50 digital asset-focused bills introduced by August 2022. A few examples include the Bipartisan Responsible Financial Innovation Act proposed by Senators Lummis and Gillibrand, which aims to provide a comprehensive framework for digital assets, the Digital Commodities Consumer Protection Act, which gives the CFTC new tools and authorities to regulate digital commodities, and stablecoin proposals on both the House and Senate sides. While the ultimate fate of the bills remains unclear, this activity demonstrates the growing importance of the conversation in the US. At the same time, it was a year that saw many enforcement actions from both the SEC and CFTC. A challenge for the United States remains navigating the complex and fragmented landscape of financial regulators in the country.

Crypto Council Testifies at Senate Hearing on Digital Commodities

Crypto in the EU

The EU made headlines with its passage of the Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) Regulation and accompanying Transfer of Funds Regulation (TFR). Years in the making, this package represents the most comprehensive legislation that has been adopted in the world to-date. It covers a range of areas, including crypto-assets, stablecoins, and crypto-asset service providers (CASPs). As such, it’s a landmark deal that put the EU on the map as an early and important leader in defining the regulatory environment. However, the devil is in the details – and this next phase has involved figuring out the practicalities of implementation. Importantly, while MiCA and TFR have made the most news, developments within the EU’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) and Digital Services Act (DSA) – which seek to regulate online platforms and services – will have significant implications for crypto players as well. 

EU Policy Update: MiCA Endorsement to Have Global Impact

Crypto in the UK

The United Kingdom has had a tumultuous year with three prime ministers in three years and unprecedented economic conditions. This threw a wrench in their plans to become a global crypto hub, announced in April by then-Chancellor Sunak. Now that the political situation has stabilized, the country looks on track to make significant progress on a policy framework, expected for consultation later this year or early next.

Crypto in Asia-Pacific

In the Asia-Pacific region, countries have been taking significant steps as well. While mainland China has embraced blockchain technology, it has banned crypto trading and mining activities. On the other hand, Hong Kong regulators have been more permissive and recently proposed allowing retail investors to trade in cryptocurrencies and crypto exchange-traded funds, a move it hopes will help cement its fintech hub status.

Singapore passed its Financial Services and Markets Bill in the spring, which was a first step in regulating Singapore-registered crypto firms, and the Monetary Authority of Singapore recently released its long-awaited consultations on digital payment token services and stablecoins. Japan is also looking to bolster its crypto sector by simplifying the token listing process, publishing its NFT white paper, and passing stablecoin legislation that clarified their legal status earlier in the year. In Australia, government officials have an eye towards digital assets, beginning with a token mapping exercise as a first step towards a comprehensive crypto framework. South Korea has been experimenting with the technology and anticipates that its Digital Asset Basic Act will be in place by the first half of 2023. 

Given the recent news, governments around the world are paying close attention to exchanges and several will be hosting hearings to unpack what happened with FTX and what the resulting fallout means for the industry and beyond.  

Digital Assets in Asia
A review of digital asset activity in the Asia-Pacific region

Reflections on the Crypto Council’s first year

With so much going on, our team has been busy! I have been thrilled to build the team from scratch from when I joined earlier this year. In a few short months, we have brought together some of the best minds across policy, regulation, and crypto.

Over the course of 2022, the CCI team has:

  •  Submitted 14 comment letters on everything from tax and prudential regulation to a global regulatory blueprint.
  • Released two reports: Base Layer Neutrality and The North Korean Crypto Threat
  • Participated in 200 media interviews in major outlets and 70 speaking engagements across the United States, Europe, and Asia.  
  • Hosted 10 events, including co-hosting DC FinTech week and our State of Play Dinner series. 
  • Testified in front of Congress – that was a first and an honor for me!

And that’s just my top 5.

We are also honored to have quickly become a trusted voice among government partners. It has been a pleasure meeting with regulators and policymakers across the world to advance a deeper understanding of crypto and engage in constructive dialogue around much-needed regulatory frameworks. Bridging the tech-policy divide is more important than ever.

As the importance of crypto grows within the global economy, governments have recognized that inaction is not an option. Though this conversation is not new – industry has been calling for regulation since 2018 – I am heartened to see this increase in activity. Clear rules of the road will be key to protecting users and facilitating innovation for the benefit of all. 

How to use the timeline

The timeline of events is not meant to be an exhaustive list of everything that happened this year in crypto. Layering key policy events, enforcement actions, and legislation on top of global news headlines will enable you to see just how many things happened at the same time this year. Selecting filters and clicking on the events will bring you to tweets, news articles and primary sources from January until early December 2022. 

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Saskia Seidel

Policy Fellow

Saskia Seidel is the Policy Fellow at CCI, conducting legal and policy analysis on crypto regulations and legislative developments across key jurisdictions. She examines bills and regulatory proposals as well as case decisions, providing insights into the evolving landscape of digital assets policy.

Saskia holds a Master of Laws in International Business and Economic Law from Georgetown University Law Center. Originally from Germany, she earned a Bachelor's degree in Law and Economics and passed the First German State Exam in Law to qualify in the legal system.

Before joining CCI, Saskia worked at various law firms specializing in corporate and international tax law, where she developed a strong understanding of how businesses navigate legal and regulatory challenges in a cross-border context and advising on complex legal matters.

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Emily Ekshian is the Communications Lead at CCI, working closely with the communications team on branding, marketing and publicity efforts. She holds a Master of Science in Journalism from Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism, with concentrations in Finance, Technology, and Human Rights.

She also earned a Bachelor of Arts in Political Economy and Media Studies, with a Minor in Human Rights, from the University of California, Berkeley. Emily is passionate about the intersection of blockchain, digital assets, and global policy, focusing on how emerging technologies can support climate resilience, financial inclusion, and freedom of expression.

Through her work, she explores the transformative potential of Web3 in addressing global challenges and advancing positive social impact.

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Renée leads Impact Research at CCI, documenting real world Web3 use cases to create shared understandings of how Web3 technologies are shaping the future for people and communities. She has ten years of experience examining the policy, economic, and community development implications of technology deployments.

She previously led primary ethnographic research at the Crypto Research and Design Lab (CRADL), where her research helped policymakers and business leaders understand why people are turning to crypto through evidenced-based insights.

Prior to her work at CRADL, Renée advised public, private, non-profit, and philanthropic clients at the intersection of technology, economic development and community-building.

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Giles was a national expert on the Investment Management Standing Committee of the European Securities and Markets Authority’s (ESMA), a national representative on the Standing Committee on Investment Management of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) and a member of the European Union’s Council of Ministers Financial Services Working Party.

Giles holds a BA in Banking and Finance, first class, from London Guildhall University, an MSc in Finance and Investment from CASS Business School and professional certificates in teaching and learning, and blockchain strategy.

Peter Herzog

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Peter Herzog is a dedicated government affairs professional, specializing in issues impacting emerging financial technologies. As the Associate Director of State and Local Government Affairs at the Crypto Council for Innovation, Peter oversees initiatives to advance responsible regulation for the digital asset industry across state and local governments.

He has developed a pragmatic approach to building relationships with key decision makers and navigating nuanced policy issues. Before joining CCI, Peter served on the government relations team at the digital mortgage startup Better.com, where he led the organization’s state government relations strategy. He began his career at the Health and Medicine Counsel, a boutique healthcare lobbying firm on Capitol Hill,

where he was one of the youngest registered lobbyists in Washington, DC. His former clients include patient advocacy organizations, trade societies, and pharmaceutical companies. Peter holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Government and International Politics from George Mason University.

Ryan Eagan

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With nearly 10 years of experience working for Senate Majority Leader Charles E. Schumer, Ryan advised the Leader on a wide array of banking policies and housing priorities. He worked with members in the House and Senate and the relevant Committees to advance legislative priorities.

This includes federal responses to COVID such as the American Rescue Plan,statutory changes to securities law, ESG rulemaking, cryptocurrency policy, and certain appropriations topics.

He graduated Williams College with a BA in both Political Science and History.

Rashan Colbert

Director, U.S. Policy

Rashan A. Colbert is the US Policy Director for the Crypto Council for Innovation. A seasoned policy leader with extensive experience in government, politics, and the crypto industry, he has served as a senior legislative advisor in the U.S. Senate, led policy efforts for a cutting-edge DeFi protocol, and has amassed a high-powered network across the public and private sectors. As Head of Policy at dYdX Trading, Rashan took the firm’s advocacy strategy and effort from zero to one.

His work involved educating policymakers, advising company leadership on policy risks, and ensuring DeFi’s importance to the future of the United States was well understood in Washington. Before transitioning to the private sector, he spent seven years in Senator Cory Booker’s office, where he led on technology, telecommunications, and commerce issues, with work focused on AI, big tech, social media regulation, and digital assets.

As Booker’s lead staffer on crypto policy for the Senate Agriculture Committee, he developed a deep understanding of fi nancial regulation and the legislative vehicles that will be used to shape it.

Patrick Kirby

Policy Counsel

Patrick is joining CCI as Policy Counsel, and brings considerable experience engaging with policymakers on emerging technology and financial services issues. Before joining CCI, he worked as an attorney in the US Policy & Government Relations group at the law firms Dentons and Squire Patton Boggs.

In those roles, he advised domestic and international clients on a variety of legal, policy, and regulatory issues related to technology, financial services, and digital assets. He assisted clients in developing and executing government relations strategies to further their legislative and regulatory interests before Congress and the Executive Branch.

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Yele Bademosi is the co-creator of Onboard, a community-first onchain neobank designed for creators and builders. Onboard's goal is to expand the onchain economy, making it accessible to anyone, anywhere, and empowering people to live radically better lives.

Throughout his career, Yele has invested in close to 100 startups globally, primarily in the financial services and onchain sectors. His purpose extends beyond geographical borders, aiming to leverage innovation, capital, and policy to create sustainable economic opportunities worldwide.

Sean Lee

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Sean is an advisor and entrepreneur in Web3 and FinTech, and has been frequently quoted in Reuters, Forbes, Bloomberg, CoinDesk, among others. Sean was previously the CEO of the Algorand Foundation, an MIT incubated Layer-1 blockchain protocol that reached top-10 by network valuation during his tenure.

He is currently leading the efforts at VSFG, a global financial services platform and the first licensed virtual asset manager in Hong Kong, to develop the regulated HKD stablecoin for programmable payment and cross border use cases across Asia and beyond. Before entering into crypto and blockchain, Sean spent 10 years and held global leadership positions in cloud computing and open source software development companies.

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Matthew Homer is the Founder & General Partner of The Venture Dept. Previously, he was an investor at Nyca Partners, a $1B+ AUM fintech VC firm, where he remains involved as an Operating Partner in an advisory capacity.

Before venture investing, he was Executive Deputy Superintendent at the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS), where he oversaw the licensing and supervision of major digital asset firms, including some of the largest exchanges, custodians, and stablecoin issuers in the U.S.

Earlier in his career, he worked as a federal regulator at the FDIC, focusing on policy development and new technologies. Matt has also held operating roles in fintech startups, starting at Quovo and continuing at Plaid after its acquisition.

Laura Navaratnam

UK Policy Lead

Laura is a digital assets policy expert, and serves as the UK Policy Lead for CCI. Laura is a fintech policy expert, specializing in digital assets. Laura has worked in financial services policy for over 15 years. She worked at the UK Financial Conduct Authority for 7 years where she ultimately served as the Head of the FCA’s Innovate function,

which included all aspects of cryptoasset policy and fintech (sandbox, firm support, international engagement and strategy). She is also a Director at bespoke fintech consultancy Gattaca Horizons, supporting a broad range of US and UK based fintech clients and leveraging her experience to provide policy, regulatory and strategy advice.

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Yaya J. Fanusie

Director, Policy, AML & Cyber Risk

He spent seven years as an economic and counterterrorism analyst in the CIA, briefing federal law enforcement, military personnel, White House-level policy makers and the President. After government service, he joined the think tank world and as Director of Analysis at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies’ Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance led research on sanctions evasion and terrorist financing threats.

In 2016 he began tracking the illicit use of crypto and wrote some of the first public analysis on a terrorist crypto crowdfunding campaign. He later published a major study on efforts by Russia, Iran, Venezuela, and China to build national blockchain infrastructure. Yaya is currently an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS) and Visiting Fellow at Georgetown's Psaros Center for Financial Markets and Policy.

He is a frequent media commentator and has testified before Congress multiple times on illicit financing issues. He is considered a leading expert on China’s CBDC.

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Ji Kim is the President and Acting Chief Executive Officer of the Crypto Council for Innovation - the premier global alliance for advancing the promise of this new technology through research, education and advocacy. Prior to this role, he served as the Chief Legal & Policy Officer for CCI. Before joining CCI, he was General Counsel and Head of Policy & Regulatory Affairs at Gemini, a global digital asset exchange and custodian.

In his role, Ji led the legal, policy, and regulatory affairs teams and also set and implemented Gemini’s global strategy for engaging with regulators, policymakers, and the government. Prior to that, he was a senior attorney at Kraken, another global digital asset exchange. In prior roles, he was an attorney at Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP and served as Federal Judicial Law Clerk to the Honorable Robert D. Drain of the Southern District of New York, U.S. Bankruptcy Court.

Sheila Warren

Senior Global Policy Advisor

In 2023, Sheila was voted one of the most influential women in DC by the Washingtonian. Prior to the Crypto Council, she founded the World Economic Forum’s blockchain and digital assets team and was a member of the Executive Leadership Team. She oversaw tech policy strategy across 14 countries and regularly briefed ministers, CEOs of the Fortune 100 and Heads of State.

She spent significant time as a lawyer and executive in the nonprofit sector helping companies work with emerging technology to solve problems and increase efficiency. She was on the leadership team at TechSoup and built NGOsource, an online service that helps US foundations reduce costs on cross-border grants.

Sheila began her career as a Wall Street attorney at Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP after earning her J.D. at Harvard Law School. She graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College with a degree in Economics. She is the co-host of Money Reimagined, a CoinDesk podcast.

Senator Cory Gardner

Senior Political Advisor

Senator Gardner honorably represented the state of Colorado from 2015 to 2021 after two terms in the United States House of Representatives. During his tenure, Cory was consistently recognized as one of the most bi-partisan members of the Senate, sponsoring and passing milestone legislation like the Great American Outdoors Act,

America COMPETES Act, the Asia Reassurance Initiative Act and the 988 Suicide Prevention Hotline. He served on the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

Mark Foster

EU Policy Lead

Mark has over 20 years of experience advising public and private sector entities on EU policy and politics. He started his career in Brussels as a European Parliamentary Assistant from 2003 to 2007. He later developed expertise in EU financial services as a Senior Official in the UK Permanent Representation.

In 2011, he moved to Kreab, a global public affairs and consultancy firm, where he became Partner in the financial services practice. He has held elected roles in trade associations including vice-chair at the financial services committee of AmCham EU and he retains a role as vice-chair for the EU/UK task force at the British Chamber of Commerce to the EU.

Mark was VP of Government Relations at Barclays from 2019-2021 before establishing his own business – Strategic Advisory Management - at the start of 2022.

Alison Mangiero

Senior Director, Staking Coalition & Industry Affairs

Alison Mangiero is the Executive Director of Proof of Stake Alliance (POSA), a CCI project that advocates for clear and forward-thinking public policies that foster innovation in the rapidly growing, sustainable, multi-billion dollar staking industry.

Alison began working in the industry in 2018, when she founded the Tocqueville Group (“TQ”), an entity that created open-source software and other public goods for Tezos, one of the first proof-of-stake blockchains to launch. Before founding TQ, she spent a decade in public policy and academia, and has broad experience fundraising and growing membership associations.

A passionate advocate of the liberal arts, Alison also teaches courses on leadership at the College of the Holy Cross and is on the Executive Board of Advisors for the University of Richmond's Jepson School of Leadership Studies.An alum of the University of Richmond and Boston College, Alison lives in the New York City suburbs with her husband and two young daughters.